Studies from India
13 Recent Epidemiologic Studies on the Abortion-Breast Cancer Link Conducted on the Indian Subcontinent
Why Epidemiologic Studies on the Indian Subcontinent are Critically Important in Comparison to Studies in Western Countries
| Lead Author | Year | Odds Ratio or risk increase | *Statistical Significance or **p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rai et al. (India) | 2008 | 2.21-fold | p = < 0.05 |
| Kaur et al. (India) | 2011 | 2.79-fold | p = < 0.001 |
| Lodha et al. (India) | 2011 | 1.91-fold | p = 0.214 (not significant) |
| Santhy et al. (India) | 2012 | 1.22-fold | not significant |
| Balasubrahmanian et al. (India) | 2013 | 2.08-fold | 1.15 - 3.75 |
| Bhadoria et al. (India) | 2013 | 6.26-fold | 4.16 - 9.41 |
| Kamath et al. (India) | 2013 | 5.75-fold | 1.27 - 25.99 |
| Roy et al. (India) | 2014 | 10.66-fold | p < 0.0001 |
| Takalkar et al. (India) | 2014 | 2.8-fold | 1.82 - 5.12 |
| Langer et al. (India) | 2012 | 2.55-fold | p = < 0.003 |
| De Silva et al. (Sri Lanka) | 2010 | 3.42-fold | 1.75 - 6.66 |
| Raza (Pakistan) | 2011 | 6.80-fold | p < 0.05 |
| Jabeen et al. (Bangladesh) | 2013 | 20.62-fold | data not shown |
| Average Odds Ratio | 5.31-fold |
*Statistical significance means scientists are at least 95% confident that the results obtained were not due to chance or error. If the 95% confidence interval does not cross the line of unity (1.0), then the findings are considered statistically significant. For example, a confidence interval of 1.0 - 1.4 is statistically significant; but a confidence interval of 0.7 - 1.3 is not statistically significant.
**A p value of less than 0.05 indicates a strong trend.
References:
1. Rai M, et al. Indian J. Prev. Soc. Med. 2008;39:71-77.
2. Kaur N, et al. JIMSA 2011;24(4):163-165.
3. Lodha R, et al. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2011;12:2111-2115.
4. Santhy KS, et al. Asian J Res Social Sciences Humanities 2012;2(3)27-32.
5. Balasubramaniam SM, et al. Indian Journal of Cancer 2013;50(1)65-70.
6. Bhadoria AS, et al. Indian Journal of Cancer 2013:50(4)316-321.
7. Kamath R, et al. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2013;38(2)95-99.
8. Roy A, et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014;3(6):1213-1226.
9. Takalkar U, et al. Research in Endocrinology 2014:1-6.
10. Langer B, Langer R, Gupta R, Singh B. Global J Med Pub Health 2012;1(4):3-6.
11. De Silva M, et al. Cancer Epidemiology 2010;34:267-273.
12. Raza U, et al. Journal of Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2011;23(1):9-14.
13. Jabeen S, et al. Journal of Dhaka Medical College 2013;22(1):61-66.
